Logical operators include

• Logical OR |, ||
• Logical AND &, &&
• Logical eXclusive OR ^

But why Logical OR and Logical AND has two different operators? What difference between | and ||? What difference between & and &&?

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| and || both are Logical OR, but the difference between these two is once the left side operation of || could decide the result, it would not operate the left side operation of ||, but | will compare expressions after the expression executed.

For example,

class LogicalOperatorOR {
    public static void main (String[] args) throws java.lang.Exception {
        int i = 3, j = 4, k = 5;
    System.out.println("Result with |：" + ((j < k++) | (i++ == j))); // i++ would operate
    System.out.println("i after operation：" + i);
    System.out.println(" k after operation：" + k);

    i = 3;
    j = 4;
    k = 5;
    System.out.println("Result with ||：" + ((j < k++) || (i++ == j))); // i++ would not operate
    System.out.println("i after operation：" + i);
    System.out.println(" k after operation：" + k);
    }
}

Output

Result with |：true
i after operation：4
j after operation：6
Result with ||：true
i after operation：3
j after operation：6

In the 11th line, because the expression on the left of the || operator is true, it needn't look at the expression on the right to know that the result is true, so i++ == j will not be executed, i will not increase.

It's the same in "Logical AND". When the expression on the left of && can determine the result of the operation, the expression on the right will not be executed.

For example,

class LogicalOperatorAND {
    public static void main (String[] args) throws java.lang.Exception {
        int i = 3, j = 4, k = 5, l = 6;
    System.out.println("Result with &：" + ((i++ == j++) & (k++ == l))); // k++ would operate
    System.out.println("i after operation：" + i);
    System.out.println("j after operation：" + j);
    System.out.println("k after operation：" + k);

    i = 3;
    j = 4;
    k = 5;
    l = 6;
    System.out.println("Result with &&：" + ((i++ == j++) && (k++ == l))); // k++ would not operate
    System.out.println("i after operation：" + i);
    System.out.println("j after operation：" + j);
    System.out.println("k after operation：" + k);
    }
}

Output

Result with &：false
i after operation：4
j after operation：5
k after operation：6
Result with &&：false
i after operation：4
j after operation：5
k after operation：5

In the 13th line, the expression on the left of the && operator is false, so you needn't look at the expression on the right to know that the result is false, so k++ == l will not be executed and k will not increase.

|| and && are also called conditional operators, since their short-circuit behaviors, they are also called short-circuit OR and short-circuit AND.

The above are some exercises on AND and OR. If you have any suggestions, please leave a message below. Thank you.